In Sardinia, there are numerous archaeological findings from both its Nuragic and pre-Nuragic past. Among these discoveries, you’ll find a collection of rocks featuring holes and openings leading to intricate inner tunnels. These rocks, referred to by locals as “fairy houses”, are known as domus de janas. To learn more about these intriguing structures, we'll explore what they are and provide a list of the top 5 best domus de janas to visit.
History and architecture
Dating back to pre-Nuragic times, domus de janas are archaeological discoveries that consist of prehistoric tombs carved into rock and connected through a network of underground tunnels and corridors. The elaborate labyrinthine structures served as “towns” where the deceased could reside and interact with one another in the afterlife.
Sardinia boasts more than 2,400 of these structures, out of which 215 feature colorful decorations and sculptural motifs.
Legends and folklore
The term “domus de janas” translates to “house of fairies”. According to popular legend, these ancient rock tunnels served as the homes of supernatural beings known as janas. These magical creatures were believed to be a cross between fairies and witches.
As the legend goes, during full moon nights, the janas would emerge from their underground tunnels dressed elegantly in red robes and adorned with golden jewelry. They would interact with the passersby and invite them to visit their homes. Those who entered these mystical dwellings had to choose between showing respect or stealing valuable treasures such as gold and silver coins and jewelry. Those who acted with respect were rewarded, as the janas would either grant them a portion of the treasure or protect their belongings with magic. On the other hand, those who stole from the fairies would face harsh punishments, such as blindness, memory loss, or being turned into rock or ashes.
5 best domus de janas in Sardinia
Sardinia is home to over 2400 domus de janas. Let's take a brief look at the five most stunning domus de janas to visit.
Anghelu Ruju
Anghelu Ruju necropolis, situated in close proximity to Alghero, is a remarkable archaeological site that consists of almost 40 tombs, out of which 38 are domus de janas. Among them, tomb 28 stands out as one of the island's largest and best-preserved. The walls of this tomb are adorned with intriguing engravings of zoomorphic figures, which symbolize the cycle of life and death.
Water of sorrows
Located near Settimo San Pietro, not far from Sardinia's capital, there is a fascinating domus de janas called S'acqua 'e is dolus, meaning “water of sorrows”. According to local legend, the water flowing inside its cave possesses magical powers. It is believed to have healing powers that can relieve physical and psychological pain of those who drink or use it.
S’Incantu
The Monte Siseri necropolis, located in Putifigari, houses the domus di S'Incantu, which translates to “enchanted domus”. Comprising four tombs, this complex derives its name from either the captivating atmosphere inside the cave or for its vibrant decorations. The walls of the cave are adorned with brightly colored spirals, zigzags, and checkered patterns, as well as anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figures that hold great magical and religious significance.
House of the elephant
Located in Castelsardo, in Sassari, there is a unique domus de janas whose name is domus de Sa Pedra Pertunta. However, it is more commonly referred to as the “Domus dell’Elefante” (“house of the elephant”) due to its uncanny resemblance to a sitting elephant. Despite this striking similarity, it is merely a result of natural weathering and erosion.
La Rocca
The domus de janas of Sedini, also know as La Rocca, stands out from the other tombs for its unique location. Unlike the isolated and scattered tombs, La Rocca is situated within the town of Sedini, making it a unique architectural feature that served various functions throughout history, from burial place to prison, and eventually became a dwelling. That's why it has many small windows on the outside and different rooms inside, including a kitchen and a bedroom.